Three years ago, Google quantum computers were the first to demonstrate a computational task in which they outperformed the fastest supercomputers. By encoding larger numbers of physical qubits on our quantum processor into one logical qubit, we hope to reduce the error rates to enable useful quantum algorithms,” said Pichai. “Instead of computing on the individual qubits themselves, we will then compute on logical qubits. Quantum error correction protects information by encoding it across multiple physical qubits to form a “logical qubit,” and is believed to be the only way to produce a large-scale quantum computer with error rates low enough for useful calculations. To bridge this gap, we will need quantum error correction,” Pichai explained. “This has significant consequences, since the best quantum algorithms that we know for running useful applications require the error rates of our qubits to be far lower than we have today. The challenge is that qubits are so sensitive that even stray light can cause calculation errors - and the problem worsens as quantum computers grow. Google’s quantum computers work by manipulating qubits in an orchestrated fashion that it calls quantum algorithms. Instead of working on the physical qubits on our quantum processor one by one, we are treating a group of them as one logical qubit,” said Pichai.Īs a result, a logical qubit that Google made from 49 physical qubits was able to outperform one it made from 17 qubits, according to the research published in the journal Nature. Microsoft has announced what its researchers say is a major breakthrough in the development of a quantum computer that can be used to solve massive problems that cannot be addressed with traditional computers (or supercomputers).“Our breakthrough represents a significant shift in how we operate quantum computers. This achievement is based on the use of a different type of cubit than that proposed by other projects. In Microsoft's case, the key lies in quasiparticles that until now were only a theoretical concept and which have a fundamental advantage: they are more stable and theoretically free of the famous calculation errors that affect quantum computing. In 2007 Microsoft researchers published a study with one of those hard-to-decipher titles: "Nonabelian Anyons and Topological Quantum Computation". That report talked about quasiparticles called abelian anions, which at that time only existed as a theoretical concept. In 2015 Microsoft had already advanced that idea, and its researchers published a description of "abelian processors" that could be applied in quantum systems of all kinds. The fundamental advantage of these non-abelian anions lies in the fact that the quantum computing system developed with them would not need error correction to function.Ĭubits are fragile, so the slightest thermal or electromagnetic perturbation introduced by the environment can cause quantum decoherence to occur. And when this phenomenon occurs, the quantum effects that give quantum computers a computational advantage over classical supercomputers disappear. In fact, quantum computers make mistakes when carrying out some operations, and when this happens the results they return are not correct.
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